6-dars: Scratch — events va motion bloklari

Dars haqida

Davomiyligi: 90 daqiqa Maqsad: Talaba Events va Motion bloklarni chuqurroq o'rganishi, klaviatura va sichqoncha bilan boshqarish qila olishi va interaktiv loyihalar yarata olishi kerak.

1. Events — hodisalar

Events — Scratch'da biror narsa bo'lganda kod ishga tushadi.

2. Events bloklari batafsil

when 🟢 clicked

Yashil bayroq bosilganda — kod ishga tushadi. Asosiy event.

when 🟢 clicked
    ... bu yerdagi kod ishlaydi

when [space] key pressed

Klavish bosilganda.

Tanlash mumkin: any key, space, up arrow, down arrow, left arrow, right arrow, A-Z, 0-9.

when [space] key pressed
    say "Space bosildi!" for 1 secs

when this sprite clicked

Spritega sichqoncha bilan bosilganda.

when this sprite clicked
    play sound Meow
    say "Meni bosding!" for 2 secs

when backdrop switches to

Backdrop o'zgarganda.

when backdrop switches to [forest]
    say "O'rmondamiz!" for 2 secs

when loudness > 10

Mikrofondan ovoz baland bo'lsa.

when loudness > 10
    move 100 steps

when timer > 10

Vaqt o'tganda.

when timer > 5
    say "5 sekund tugadi!" for 2 secs

when I receive [xabar]

Xabar olish — bir sprite boshqasiga signal yuborish.

when I receive [start]
    show
    move 10 steps

broadcast [xabar]

Xabar yuborish — boshqa spritelarga signal.

broadcast [start]
broadcast [start] and wait

3. Misol: Mushuk va sichqon

Mushuk uchun:
when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        broadcast [tick]
        wait 1 seconds

when [space] key pressed
    say "Sichqonga ergashaman!" for 1 secs
    go to [Sichqon] v

Sichqon uchun:
when I receive [tick]
    move 10 steps
    if on edge, bounce

Mushuk har sekundda "tick" xabarini yuboradi → sichqon harakat qiladi. Space bosilganda — mushuk sichqonga teleportatsiya.

4. Motion bloklari batafsil

move 10 steps

10 piksel oldinga.

• Yo'nalish — sprite'ning directioniga bog'liq
• Salbiy raqam — orqaga

turn ↻ 15 degrees va turn ↺ 15 degrees

15 daraja soat strelkasi bo'yicha yoki teskari.

point in direction 90

Aniq yo'nalish:

90 — o'ngga
0 — yuqoriga
-90 — chapga
180 — pastga

point towards [...]

Boshqa sprite tomonga burilish.

point towards [mouse-pointer]

Sichqoncha kursoriga qarab buriladi.

go to x:0 y:0

Aniq koordinatalarga.

go to [random position]

Tasodifiy joy.

glide 1 sec to x:100 y:100

Silliq harakat belgilangan vaqtda.

change x by 10 va change y by 10

X yoki Y koordinata oshirish/kamaytirish.

set x to 0 va set y to 0

X yoki Y aniq qiymat.

if on edge, bounce

Chetga yetganda — qaytib aylanish.

set rotation style

Sprite qanday aylanishi:

• all around — har tomonga
• left-right — faqat chap va o'ng
• don't rotate — aylanmaslik

5. Klaviatura bilan boshqarish

Klassik o'yin uslubi — strelka klavishlar bilan harakat.

when 🟢 clicked
    go to x:0 y:0

when [up arrow] key pressed
    change y by 10

when [down arrow] key pressed
    change y by -10

when [right arrow] key pressed
    change x by 10

when [left arrow] key pressed
    change x by -10

Sprite — strelkalar bilan boshqariladi.

6. Aniq yo'nalish bilan harakat

when [up arrow] key pressed
    point in direction 0
    move 10 steps

when [down arrow] key pressed
    point in direction 180
    move 10 steps

Sprite aylanadi va keyin harakat qiladi.

Rotation style

Agar sprite aylanishini xohlamasangiz:

set rotation style [don't rotate]

(Sprite turibdi, lekin yo'nalish o'zgaradi)

7. Sichqoncha bilan boshqarish

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        point towards [mouse-pointer]
        move 5 steps

Sprite sichqoncha kursoriga ergashadi.

8. Glide — silliq harakat

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        glide 1 sec to x:200 y:100
        glide 1 sec to x:-200 y:100
        glide 1 sec to x:-200 y:-100
        glide 1 sec to x:200 y:-100

Sprite to'rtburchak chizadi — har burchakka silliq harakat.

9. Tasodifiy harakat

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        go to [random position]
        wait 1 seconds

Sprite tasodifiy joylarda paydo bo'ladi.

Yoki:

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        glide 1 sec to x:(pick random -200 to 200) y:(pick random -150 to 150)

Tasodifiy koordinata.

10. Loyiha: Tutib oluvchi

Vazifa: Sichqon (sprite) yuqoridan tushadi. Tovuq (boshqa sprite) ni klaviatura bilan boshqaring va tutib oling.

Sichqon (yuqoridan tushadi)

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        go to x:(pick random -200 to 200) y:170
        glide 2 secs to x:(x position) y:-170

Tovuq (klaviatura bilan)

when 🟢 clicked
    go to x:0 y:-150
    set rotation style [left-right]

when [right arrow] key pressed
    point in direction 90
    move 20 steps

when [left arrow] key pressed
    point in direction -90
    move 20 steps

Tegishish (collision)

Sichqon tovuqqa tegsa — biror narsa qilsin (kelajakda variable bilan ball hisoblash).

Hozircha:

when 🟢 clicked (tovuq uchun)
    forever
        if <touching [Sichqon] v?> then
            play sound Meow
            say "Tutdim!" for 1 secs

11. Sensing bloklari (kirish)

Sensing — sprite'lar atrof'ni sezish uchun.

touching [...]

Sprite biror narsaga tegmoqdami?

if <touching [edge]?> then
    say "Chetda!" for 1 secs

if <touching color [#FF0000]?> then
    play sound Pop

if <touching [Sprite2]?> then
    hide

distance to [...]

Boshqa sprite gacha masofa.

if <(distance to [Sprite2]) < 50> then
    say "Yaqin!" for 1 secs

mouse x va mouse y

Sichqonchaning koordinatalari.

key [space] pressed?

Klavish hozir bosilganmi (boolean).

ask "Ismingiz?" and wait

Foydalanuvchidan savol so'rash.

ask [Ismingiz nima?] and wait
say (join [Salom ] (answer)) for 2 secs

Mushuk: "Ismingiz nima?" → siz "Akmal" yozasiz → mushuk: "Salom Akmal"

answer

Oxirgi ask ning javobi.

12. Vaqt (timer)

when 🟢 clicked
    reset timer
    forever
        if <(timer) > 5> then
            say "5 sekund o'tdi!" for 2 secs
            reset timer

13. Misol: Savol-javob bilan suhbat

Sprite (Mushuk):
when 🟢 clicked
    ask [Ismingiz nima?] and wait
    say (join [Salom ] (answer)) for 2 secs
    ask [Yoshingiz?] and wait
    if <(answer) > 18> then
        say [Sen kattalarsan] for 2 secs
    else:
        say [Sen yoshsan] for 2 secs

14. Operatorlar (qisqacha)

Operators kategoriyasi — matematika va matn.

Matematik

+ - * /
mod (qoldiq)
abs (mutlaq qiymat)
pick random 1 to 100

Taqqoslash

< (kichik)
> (katta)
= (teng)

Mantiqiy

and (va)
or (yoki)
not (emas)

Matn

join [Salom ] [dunyo]      →  "Salom dunyo"
letter 1 of [Akmal]        →  "A"
length of [Akmal]          →  5
contains? — ichida bormi?

15. Vizual o'rnatmalar (Looks)

Tezroq ko'rib chiqamiz, batafsil keyingi darsda:

show / hide                  - ko'rsatish / yashirish
say [Salom!] for 2 secs     - matn balonchasi
think [...] for 2 secs      - o'ylash balonchasi
switch costume to [...]     - kostyum
next costume                - keyingi kostyum
change size by 10           - o'lcham
set size to 100             - aniq o'lcham
change [color] effect by 25 - rang effekt
clear graphic effects       - effektlarni tozalash

Darsdagi topshiriqlar

Topshiriq 1 — Klaviatura boshqaruv

Sprite'ni 4 ta klavish (strelka) bilan boshqaring:

when 🟢 clicked
    go to x:0 y:0

when [up arrow] key pressed
    change y by 10
... va h.k.

Stage'da chiziqlar qoldirsin (Pen extension'ni qo'shing → pen down).

Saqlang: 1-klaviatura

Topshiriq 2 — Sichqoncha izi

Sprite doim sichqonchaga ergashsin.

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        point towards [mouse-pointer]
        move 3 steps

Birinchi va ikkinchi sprite — turli tezlikda. Kim tezroq sichqonchaga yetib boradi?

Saqlang: 2-sichqoncha-iz

Topshiriq 3 — Tasodifiy harakat

3 ta sprite — har biri tasodifiy joylarda porlab tursin.

Har sprite:

when 🟢 clicked
    forever
        go to [random position]
        change [color] effect by 25
        wait 0.5 seconds

Saqlang: 3-tasodifiy

Topshiriq 4 — Tutib oluvchi o'yin

Dars matni'da berilgan tutib oluvchi o'yinni yarating.

Yaxshilang:

• Bir nechta sichqon (yoki olma) yuqoridan tushadi
• Tovuq strelka bilan harakat
• Tegishganda — ovoz va xabar
• 30 sekund vaqt

Saqlang: 4-tutib-oluvchi

Topshiriq 5 — Suhbat (ask/answer)

Mushuk sizdan 5 ta savol so'rasin:

1. "Ismingiz?"
2. "Yoshingiz?"
3. "Eng yoqimli rangingiz?"
4. "Eng yoqimli ovqat?"
5. "Eng katta orzuingiz?"

Har javobni eslab qolib, oxirida butun matn chiqarsin:

"Salom [ism]! Sen [yosh] yoshda ekansan.
Sevimli ranging — [rang]. Sevimli ovqat — [ovqat].
Eng katta orzuing — [orzu]. Bu ajoyib!"

Saqlang: 5-suhbat

Topshiriq 6 — Broadcast bilan o'zaro

3 ta sprite bir-biriga xabar yuborib gaplashadi:

1. Sprite 1: yashil bayroq bosilganda — "Salom!" deydi va salom xabarini yuboradi
2. Sprite 2: salom xabarini olganda — "Salom Sprite 1!" deydi va salom2 xabarini yuboradi
3. Sprite 3: salom2 xabarini olganda — "Men ham bormanku!" deydi va boshlash xabarini yuboradi
4. Sprite 1: boshlash xabari kelganda — "Endi o'yin boshlanadi!" deydi

Broadcast tizimini tushuning.

Saqlang: 6-broadcast

Topshiriq 7 — Touching colorlar bilan

Labirint o'yini:

1. Stage backdrop'da chiziqlar bilan labirint chizing (qora chiziqlar)
2. Sprite strelkalar bilan harakat qiladi
3. Agar qora chiziqqa tegsa — boshlanish joyiga qaytsin

if <touching color [#000000]?> then
    go to x:-200 y:-150
    say "Tegding!" for 1 secs

Saqlang: 7-labirint

Topshiriq 8 — Glide bilan to'rtburchak

Sprite silliq harakat bilan to'rtburchak chizadi:

when 🟢 clicked
    pen up
    go to x:-100 y:-100
    pen down
    glide 1 sec to x:100 y:-100
    glide 1 sec to x:100 y:100
    glide 1 sec to x:-100 y:100
    glide 1 sec to x:-100 y:-100

(Pen extension qo'shing)

Yaxshilang: turli geometrik shakllar — uchburchak, beshburchak, doira (loop bilan).

Saqlang: 8-glide-shakllar

Asosiy tushunchalar (lug'at)

Termin	Qisqacha izoh
Event	Hodisa (yashil bayroq, klavish va h.k.)
Broadcast	Xabar yuborish
Receive	Xabar olish
Motion	Harakat bloklari
Direction	Yo'nalish (gradus)
Glide	Silliq harakat
Sensing	Sezish bloklari
Touching	Tegmoqda
Distance	Masofa
Ask / Answer	Savol / Javob
Timer	Taymer
Operators	Matematik va mantiqiy
Pick random	Tasodifiy raqam
Pen	Qalam (chizish)
Rotation style	Aylanish uslubi

Keyingi dars

7-dars: Scratch — sikllar va shartlar →