5-dars: List, Dict, Tuple, Set

Dars

Davomiyligi: 90 daqiqa Maqsad: 4 ta asosiy collection turi va ularning operatsiyalari.

1. List — ro'yxat

python

arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
mixed = [1, "Akmal", 3.14, True]    # turli turlar OK
empty = []

C'da — int arr[5]. Python'da — istalgan tur.

2. List operatsiyalari

python

arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

# Element olish
print(arr[0])      # 10
print(arr[-1])     # 50 (oxiri)
print(arr[1:3])    # [20, 30] (slice)
print(arr[::-1])   # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10] (teskari)

# Uzunlik
print(len(arr))    # 5

# O'zgartirish
arr[0] = 100

# Qo'shish
arr.append(60)            # oxirga
arr.insert(0, 5)          # boshlanishga
arr.extend([70, 80, 90])  # bir nechta qo'shish

# O'chirish
arr.remove(20)     # qiymat bo'yicha
arr.pop()           # oxirgisini
arr.pop(0)          # index bo'yicha
del arr[1]
arr.clear()         # hammasini

# Qidirish
arr.index(30)       # joyi
arr.count(30)       # necha marta
30 in arr           # True/False

# Sort
arr.sort()                  # in-place
arr.sort(reverse=True)
sorted_arr = sorted(arr)    # yangi list

3. List slicing

python

arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

arr[2:5]       # [2, 3, 4]
arr[:3]        # [0, 1, 2]
arr[7:]        # [7, 8, 9]
arr[::2]       # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8] (step 2)
arr[::-1]      # [9, 8, ..., 0] (teskari)
arr[1:8:2]     # [1, 3, 5, 7]

4. List comprehension

python

# Oddiy
squares = [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]

# Shart bilan
evens = [x for x in range(20) if x % 2 == 0]

# Nested
matrix = [[i * j for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]
# [[0,0,0], [0,1,2], [0,2,4]]

# String'ni transform
words = ["akmal", "aziza", "botir"]
upper = [w.upper() for w in words]

5. Tuple

python

t = (1, 2, 3)
print(t[0])    # 1

Tuple = o'zgarmas list.

python

t[0] = 100   # XATO! Tuple immutable

Foydasi

Tezroq list'dan
Xavfsizroq (o'zgarmaydi)
Function'da bir nechta qiymat qaytarish
Dict key sifatida ishlatish

Tuple unpacking

python

point = (3, 5)
x, y = point
print(x, y)   # 3 5

# Swap
a, b = b, a

6. Dict — kalit-qiymat

python

person = {
    "name": "Akmal",
    "age": 22,
    "city": "Toshkent"
}

print(person["name"])   # Akmal
person["age"] = 23      # o'zgartirish
person["email"] = "..." # qo'shish
del person["city"]      # o'chirish

Dict operatsiyalari

python

d = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

# Kalitlar
print(d.keys())    # dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c'])
print(list(d.keys()))

# Qiymatlar
print(d.values())

# Item'lar (kalit, qiymat)
print(d.items())

# Tekshirish
"a" in d           # True
d.get("z", 0)      # 0 (default — yo'q bo'lsa)
d.get("a")         # 1

# Iteratsiya
for key in d:
    print(key, d[key])

for key, value in d.items():
    print(key, value)

7. Dict comprehension

python

squares = {x: x ** 2 for x in range(5)}
# {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

# Filter
even_squares = {x: x ** 2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0}

8. Set — to'plam

python

s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
empty = set()    # {} — bu dict, set emas!

Set — takrorlanmaydigan elementlar.

python

arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]
unique = set(arr)     # {1, 2, 3, 4}
unique_list = list(set(arr))

Set operatsiyalari

python

a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {3, 4, 5, 6}

a | b      # {1,2,3,4,5,6} union
a & b      # {3, 4} intersection
a - b      # {1, 2} difference
a ^ b      # {1,2,5,6} symmetric difference

3 in a     # True
a.add(7)
a.remove(1)
a.discard(100)   # xato emas (remove — xato)
len(a)

Set foydalanish

python

# Duplicate olib tashlash
arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
unique = list(set(arr))

# Tezkor `in` operatsiyasi
big_list = list(range(1000000))
big_set = set(big_list)

# in list — O(n)
# in set — O(1)

9. Taqqoslash

Tur	Tartibli	Index	O'zgaradi	Takror
list	Ha	Ha	Ha	Ha
tuple	Ha	Ha	Yo'q	Ha
dict	Ha (3.7+)	Kalit	Ha	Kalit — yo'q
set	Yo'q	Yo'q	Ha	Yo'q

10. Nested

python

# List ichida list (matrix)
matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]
print(matrix[1][2])  # 6

# Dict ichida dict
users = {
    "akmal": {"age": 22, "city": "Toshkent"},
    "aziza": {"age": 19, "city": "Samarqand"}
}
print(users["akmal"]["age"])  # 22

# List of dicts
students = [
    {"name": "Akmal", "score": 85},
    {"name": "Aziza", "score": 92}
]

11. Misol: Frequency counter

python

text = "abacabad"
freq = {}

for c in text:
    if c in freq:
        freq[c] += 1
    else:
        freq[c] = 1

print(freq)   # {'a': 4, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1}

Yoki Counter (yaxshiroq):

python

from collections import Counter

freq = Counter(text)
print(freq.most_common(3))  # [('a', 4), ('b', 2), ('c', 1)]

12. Misol: Talabalar bazasi

python

students = []

students.append({
    "id": 1,
    "name": "Akmal",
    "age": 22,
    "score": 85
})

students.append({
    "id": 2,
    "name": "Aziza",
    "age": 19,
    "score": 92
})

# Chiqarish
for s in students:
    print(f"{s['name']}: {s['score']}")

# Sort
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda s: s["score"], reverse=True)

# Filter
top = [s for s in students if s["score"] >= 80]

# O'rtacha
avg = sum(s["score"] for s in students) / len(students)

13. zip va enumerate

python

names = ["Akmal", "Aziza", "Botir"]
scores = [85, 92, 78]

# zip — birga aylantirish
for name, score in zip(names, scores):
    print(f"{name}: {score}")

# enumerate — index bilan
for i, name in enumerate(names):
    print(f"{i}: {name}")

# zip'ni dict'ga
d = dict(zip(names, scores))
# {'Akmal': 85, 'Aziza': 92, 'Botir': 78}

14. Boshqa foydali

python

# any, all
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 0]
any(nums)        # True (kamida biri truthy)
all(nums)        # False (0 — falsy)

# sum, min, max
sum([1, 2, 3])      # 6
min([3, 1, 2])      # 1
max([3, 1, 2])      # 3

# sorted (yangi list)
sorted([3, 1, 2])           # [1, 2, 3]
sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True)  # [3, 2, 1]
sorted(["b", "a", "c"])     # ['a', 'b', 'c']

# reversed
list(reversed([1, 2, 3]))   # [3, 2, 1]

15. Misol: Sotuv tahlili

python

sotuvlar = [
    {"mahsulot": "Non", "soni": 15, "narx": 5000},
    {"mahsulot": "Sut", "soni": 8, "narx": 12000},
    {"mahsulot": "Yog'", "soni": 3, "narx": 45000},
    {"mahsulot": "Non", "soni": 20, "narx": 5000},
    {"mahsulot": "Sut", "soni": 10, "narx": 12000},
]

# Umumiy daromad
total = sum(s["soni"] * s["narx"] for s in sotuvlar)
print(f"Jami: {total}")

# Mahsulot bo'yicha
mahsulot_summa = {}
for s in sotuvlar:
    m = s["mahsulot"]
    mahsulot_summa[m] = mahsulot_summa.get(m, 0) + s["soni"] * s["narx"]

for m, s in mahsulot_summa.items():
    print(f"{m}: {s}")

# Eng yaxshi
top = max(mahsulot_summa.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
print(f"Eng yaxshi: {top[0]} ({top[1]})")

Topshiriqlar

1 — List asoslari

list_basics.py:

python

arr = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 3]

print(arr)
print(len(arr))
print(sum(arr))
print(min(arr), max(arr))
print(sorted(arr))
print(sorted(arr, reverse=True))
print(arr[::-1])

2 — List comprehension

comprehension.py — 5 ta turli list comprehension yozing.

3 — Dict mashqi

dict_demo.py:

python

person = {}
person["name"] = input("Ism: ")
person["age"] = int(input("Yosh: "))
person["city"] = input("Shahar: ")

for key, value in person.items():
    print(f"{key}: {value}")

4 — Frequency

freq.py:

Matn berilgan. Har harfning chastotasini sanang.

Bonus: Counter ishlatish.

5 — Set operatsiyalar

sets.py:

python

a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
b = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

print(f"Union: {a | b}")
print(f"Intersection: {a & b}")
print(f"Difference: {a - b}")
print(f"Symmetric diff: {a ^ b}")

6 — Duplicate olib tashlash

unique.py:

python

arr = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5]
unique = list(set(arr))
print(unique)

# Yoki tartibni saqlash (3.7+)
unique_ordered = list(dict.fromkeys(arr))

7 — Talabalar bazasi

students.py:

python

students = [
    {"name": "Akmal", "age": 22, "score": 85},
    {"name": "Aziza", "age": 19, "score": 92},
    {"name": "Botir", "age": 25, "score": 78},
    {"name": "Dilshod", "age": 21, "score": 90},
    {"name": "Eldor", "age": 20, "score": 65},
]

# Chiqarish
# Sort by score
# Avg score
# Top 3
# Yosh bo'yicha guruhlash

8 — zip va dict

zip_demo.py:

python

ismlar = ["Akmal", "Aziza", "Botir"]
yoshlar = [22, 19, 25]
shaharlar = ["Toshkent", "Samarqand", "Buxoro"]

for ism, yosh, shahar in zip(ismlar, yoshlar, shaharlar):
    print(f"{ism}, {yosh}, {shahar}")

people = [{"ism": i, "yosh": y, "shahar": s} 
          for i, y, s in zip(ismlar, yoshlar, shaharlar)]
print(people)

9 — Matrix (list of lists)

matrix.py:

python

matrix = [[i * 3 + j + 1 for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]
# [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]

# Print
for row in matrix:
    for val in row:
        print(f"{val:3}", end=" ")
    print()

# Transpose
transposed = [[matrix[j][i] for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]

# Sum
total = sum(sum(row) for row in matrix)
print(f"Sum: {total}")

10 — Hisobot

sotuv.py — Dars matnidagi sotuv tahlili.

Bonus: faylga saqlash.

Lug'at

Termin	Izoh
list	`[1, 2, 3]` — o'zgaradi
tuple	`(1, 2, 3)` — o'zgarmas
dict	`{"k": "v"}` — kalit-qiymat
set	`{1, 2, 3}` — noyob
List comprehension	`[x for x in ...]`
Dict comprehension	`{k: v for ...}`
Slicing	`arr[1:5:2]`
`in` operator	Bormi tekshirish
`enumerate`	Index bilan
`zip`	Birga aylantirish
`Counter`	Chastota
Mutable / Immutable	O'zgaradi / o'zgarmaydi

Keyingi dars

6-dars: String va format →

5-dars: List, Dict, Tuple, Set ​

1. List — ro'yxat ​

2. List operatsiyalari ​

3. List slicing ​

4. List comprehension ​

5. Tuple ​

Foydasi ​

Tuple unpacking ​

6. Dict — kalit-qiymat ​

Dict operatsiyalari ​

7. Dict comprehension ​

8. Set — to'plam ​

Set operatsiyalari ​

Set foydalanish ​

9. Taqqoslash ​

10. Nested ​

11. Misol: Frequency counter ​

12. Misol: Talabalar bazasi ​

13. zip va enumerate ​

14. Boshqa foydali ​

15. Misol: Sotuv tahlili ​

Topshiriqlar ​

Lug'at ​

Keyingi dars ​

5-dars: List, Dict, Tuple, Set

1. List — ro'yxat

2. List operatsiyalari

3. List slicing

4. List comprehension

5. Tuple

Foydasi

Tuple unpacking

6. Dict — kalit-qiymat

Dict operatsiyalari

7. Dict comprehension

8. Set — to'plam

Set operatsiyalari

Set foydalanish

9. Taqqoslash

10. Nested

11. Misol: Frequency counter

12. Misol: Talabalar bazasi

13. zip va enumerate

14. Boshqa foydali

15. Misol: Sotuv tahlili

Topshiriqlar

Lug'at

Keyingi dars